U.S. Public Pensions · 2001–2024

The ratio of active workers to retirees has flipped.

For two decades, America's public-pension plans had more workers paying in than retirees drawing out. In 2012, the balance tipped. Each line below is one year: the left end is millions of active workers, the right end is millions of retirees. Earlier years lean teal; recent years lean orange.